[CO2:PO11] (A5)

Engineering Economics

Case Study Report: Precision Agriculture Investment

Deadline: 1 Week Before Semester Ends

1.0 Guidelines for Case Study Report

[CO2:PO11] (A5)

Students (in groups) are required to write a report and discuss the solution for the case study according to the respective title given. Students also need to present the solution and submit the report a week before the semester ends.

  • Group work: Maximum 3 students per group.
  • Submission: Maximum 10 pages (excluding appendices).
  • Original work: Copying is strictly not allowed; Turnitin checking is required.
  • Calculations: Deduce your own calculations and related amounts to show understanding of Engineering Economics concepts.

2.0 Title 1

2.1 Choose One (1) Case Study

Select ONE (1) case study below to discuss in your report (Title 1).

No Case Study
1 Case Study 1: Renewable Energy Investment for a Manufacturing Plant
Options: Solar Panels (RM 500,000) vs Wind Turbines (RM 750,000). Consider annual maintenance, annual energy savings, lifespan (25y vs 20y), CO2 reduction. Evaluate NPV, IRR, sensitivity analysis, payback period.
2 Case Study 2: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Automation in a Production Line
Investment: Robotic Arms (RM 1,000,000) + Conveyor Systems (RM 500,000). Savings: RM 300,000/year labor. Maintenance: RM 50,000/year. Productivity +20%. Straight-line depreciation over 10 years. Evaluate ROI, Break-Even Point, risk analysis and mitigation.
3 Case Study 3: Economic Feasibility of a New Product Launch
Fixed cost RM 2,000,000; variable cost RM 500/unit; price RM 1,000/unit. Sales: 5,000 (Y1), 10,000 (Y2), 15,000 (Y3). Marketing/distribution RM 500,000/year. Evaluate Break-Even Point, Profit Margin, NPV, IRR; assess pricing/sales scenarios.

2.2 Study This Situation (Mandatory)

Regardless of the case study selected in 2.1, you must study the mandatory situation below and perform the required Engineering Economics analysis (After-Tax, 10-year life).

  • Scenario: Precision Agriculture Investment (automated vertical farming system).
  • MARR (After-Tax): 12% per year.
  • Tax rate: 24%.
  • Depreciation: Straight-Line over 10 years, assume zero terminal book value.

2.2 Study This Situation (Mandatory)

Scenario: Precision Agriculture Investment

A large Malaysian food manufacturing conglomerate is considering a major investment in sustainable food production to secure its supply chain. The proposal involves establishing an automated, climate-controlled vertical farming system within a dedicated warehouse near its existing processing facility.

Objective: Maximum yield with minimum resource waste ("Green Engineering").
System: Hydroponics + LED lighting managed by robotic arms and sophisticated sensors.

Financial Parameters

Parameter Value (RM)
Initial Investment (I) 2,500,000
Annual Operating Exp (E) 150,000
Specialized Labor (L) 50,000
Annual Revenue (R) 800,000
Salvage Value (S) 300,000
MARR (After-Tax) 12%
Tax Rate (t) 24%
Project Life 10 Years
Depreciation Method Straight-Line (0 terminal BV)

Your Assignment Deliverables

01

Objectives & Introduction

Write a clear background and objectives for the project.

  • Background: Explain the project context and why it is needed.
  • Objectives: State what the analysis/report aims to achieve.
  • Key assumptions: State any assumptions used in calculations.
02

Application / Problems / Case Study

Explain the case(s) clearly with sketches/drawings where appropriate.

  • Case summary: If more than one case study, separate into sections and summarize each.
  • Drawing (2D/3D): Include 2D or 3D drawing where appropriate (mandatory when requested).
  • Issue explanation: Explain the problem/issue and provide insights for solutions.
03

Method Selection & Justification

Select appropriate methods and justify with equations (typed format).

  • Cost Terminology + WBS: Include relevant cost terms and a 3-level WBS (where applicable).
  • Cost Estimation Techniques: Analyze using suitable estimation techniques.
  • Interest Justification: Use compound interest tools (PW/FW/AW, tax, etc.).
04

Economic Analysis (After-Tax)

Compute the 10-year after-tax cash flow and justification metrics.

  • Tabular Analysis: Show BTCF, Depreciation (Straight-Line), Taxable Income, Taxes, and ATCF.
  • PW / AW: Calculate PW at MARR 12% and confirm using AW (Capital Recovery).
  • Metrics: Simple Payback Period and After-Tax IRR.
05

Conclusions

Summarize findings and show understanding of results.

  • Decision: State whether the project is justified (based on PW/AW/IRR vs MARR).
  • Key drivers: Highlight the most important cost/revenue/assumption impacts.
06

References & Appendices

Provide correct referencing and supporting documents.

  • References: Use a consistent format; ensure items are cited in the report.
  • Appendices: Include calculations, tables, and drawings as needed.

6.0 Grouping Link

Group List & Link

Group Members Group Link (from PDF)
Group ___ Name 1, Name 2, Name 3 Open group spreadsheet link

Use this link to find your group and confirm member names.

3.0–5.0 Report Requirements

Content, Format, and Submission Rules

3.0 Report Content

  • 3.1 Front cover including UiTM logo
  • 3.2 Title (including TOC)
  • 3.3 Objectives
  • 3.4 Introduction
  • 3.5 Application/Problems/Case Study (section if more than one)
  • 3.6 Problem Solving/Solution/Discussion (section if more than one)
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • 3.8 References
  • 3.9 Appendices (as needed)

4.0 Format of Report

  • 4.1 Computer typing format
  • 4.2.1 Font type: Arial
  • 4.2.2 Font size: 11
  • 4.2.3 Spacing: 1.5
  • 4.2.4 Centre Justify format
  • 4.2.5 Figures/tables must have captions and explanations

5.0 Instructions

  • 5.1 Group report (maximum 3 students)
  • 5.2 Copying is strictly not allowed
  • 5.3 Turnitin submission/checking required

Maximum 10 pages (excluding appendices).

Rubric

Marks Breakdown & Criteria

Marks Criteria 5 marks 4 marks 3 marks 2 marks 1 mark
Report Format (5 marks)
Report Format (5 marks) 1. Satisfy all the report format below
✓ Format (Font, spacing)
✓ Cover page (UiTM logo, student name, ID, lecturer name)
✓ Table of Content, List of Figures, etc.
Satisfy ALL the format stated Do not satisfy one of the formats stated Do not satisfy two of the formats stated Do not satisfy three of the formats stated Do not satisfy four or more of the formats stated
Content (35 marks)
Objectives & Introduction (5 marks) 2. Objectives & Introduction (Background of the project) Clear objectives + complete background for the selected case (2.1) and the mandatory scenario (2.2); scope, assumptions, and required economic terms are stated correctly. Objectives/background are strong but missing 1 minor element (e.g., assumption, scope, or link to 2.1/2.2). Basic objectives/background provided but missing major context (e.g., unclear problem statement, weak linkage to data/requirements). Very limited/unclear background; objectives do not match the case requirements or include incorrect statements. No meaningful background/objectives provided, or mostly incorrect.
Application / Problems / Case Study (5 marks) 3. Application/Problems/Case Study
Write in section if more than one case study and explain in summary what the cases are about.
Include 2D or 3D drawing where appropriate.
Selected case (2.1) is explained clearly and structured; mandatory scenario (2.2) context is accurate; required 2D/3D visuals (when applicable) are complete with captions and explanations; strong insight into the issue(s). Good case explanation and structure; minor gaps in visuals/captions or case summary; insight is present but can be strengthened. Some correct information but missing key details (e.g., unclear case selection, weak linkage to requirements, incomplete visuals/captions); explanation is wordy or lacks insight. Mostly text without clear main points; case/problem not clearly described; visuals missing or not explained. Insufficient or irrelevant case/problem content.
Method & Justification (15 marks) 4. Selection of Method and Justification
✓ Include element of Cost Terminology, WBS, etc. (5 marks)
✓ Analyze using Cost Estimation Techniques (5 marks)
✓ Include interest justification (i.e., Compound interest, PW, FW, AW, Tax, etc.) (5 marks)
All required elements are complete and correctly justified with typed equations: cost terminology + 3-level WBS, estimation technique(s), depreciation/tax setup, ATCF table, PW & AW/CR, IRR/payback, and breakeven/risk linkage (as required). Appropriate methods and correct workflow but missing 1 required element/technique (e.g., AW/CR, breakeven, or clear tax/depreciation justification). Some correct methods but missing 2 required elements/techniques; justification is partial and equations/cash-flow logic are not consistently shown. Limited methods used; major elements missing (e.g., no ATCF table or no PW/AW/IRR justification); weak/incorrect justification. No meaningful method selection or justification provided.
Conclusions (5 marks) 5. Conclusions Clear decision supported by results (PW/AW/IRR vs MARR, payback, breakeven/risk); summarizes key drivers and limitations/assumptions. Conclusion is stated and mostly supported, but missing one important link (e.g., does not clearly tie metrics to decision). General conclusion with weak support; missing several major points (risk, assumptions, or key metric justification). Very brief conclusion without support from analysis. No conclusion provided.
References & Appendices (5 marks) 6. References & Appendices Correct reference format and all sources are cited in-text; appendices include clear calculations/tables (ATCF, PW/AW/IRR), WBS, and figures with captions. Mostly correct formatting; a few references not cited or some appendix items incomplete. Inconsistent reference format and/or weak citation practice; appendices exist but are poorly organized or missing key evidence. References listed but not cited in report; appendices missing most supporting work. No references provided or incorrect format; no meaningful appendices.

Tip: keep equations typed and consistent (PW, FW, AW, IRR, MARR, depreciation, tax) to match the “method & justification” rubric.